• Core and Non-Core Soil Investigation Drilling

Soil profiles are determined through either core drilling (extracting core samples) or non-core drilling (using cutting methods), both of which are used to gather information about soil layers.

• Disturbed and Undisturbed Sample Collection

To ensure accurate analysis of soil properties, disturbed and undisturbed samples are collected for laboratory experements.

• Soil Profile Log Creation

Data obtained from drilling operations are organized and documented in the form of a log to represent the depth and characteristics of soil layers.

• MASW (Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves)

MASW analyzes surface wave velocities to create a soil profile, as per ASTM D7128, allowing for detailed assessments of soil hardness and suitability for construction.

• Electrical Resistivity

This method uses electrical currents to determine soil and groundwater characteristics based on their resistance, following ASTM G57 standards, helping identify subsurface layers and groundwater levels.

• Cross-Hole

By measuring velocity profiles between parallel boreholes in accordance with ASTM D4428/D4428M, the Cross-Hole technique provides detailed insights into soil layer structures, essential for assessing ground stability.

• Down-Hole

Utilizing seismic signals sent from surface boreholes, Down-Hole testing enables in-depth analysis of soil layer velocities to understand subsurface seismic properties crucial for engineering purposes.

• Georadar (Ground Penetrating Radar)

Using high-frequency radar waves, Georadar detects underground objects and structures, making it ideal for identifying pipes, voids, and archaeological elements below the surface.

• Microtremor

This method measures natural seismic vibrations within the ground to evaluate seismic properties and resilience against earthquake effects, making it valuable for earthquake-prone areas.

• SPT (Standard Penetration Test)

This test, conducted per ASTM D1586, is a dynamic test used to determine soil density. During / after drilling a borehole, a rod is driven into the ground, and the number of blows (N-value) required to drive it a certain depth is recorded.

• CPT (Cone Penetration Test) / CPTu ( With Pore Pressure)

Conducted according to ASTM D3441, this test is used to measure soil strength. A cone-shaped probe is pushed into the ground to measure penetration resistance, friction sleeve and pore pressure. It is commonly applied in soft and sandy soils.

• Pressuremeter / Dilatometer Test

This test is used to determine the deformation modulus of soil or rock. An instrument is placed into a borehole and applies pressure to the surrounding ground to measure its elasticity.

• Plate Load Test

This load test is used to determine the bearing capacity of soil. A load is applied through a plate placed on the ground surface, and the soil’s settlement under load is recorded.

• Field Vane Test

Commonly used in soft clay soils, this test measures shear strength. A cross-shaped vane is inserted into the ground and rotated, with the recorded shear resistance providing data on soil strength.

• Packer (Water Pressure) Test

Applied to measure cracks and permeability in soils. The flow of pressurized water within the ground is observed.

• Hydrofracture Test

This test examines hydraulic fracturing behavior in rocks. Pressurized water is applied to fracture the rock, and its strength properties are recorded.

• Permeability Tests

Used to determine the water permeability properties of soil. The rate of water movement through the ground is observed.

• Dynamic Cone Penetration (DCP) Test

This test is used to measure soil penetration resistance. A cone-tipped rod is driven into the ground by impact, and the penetration depth is recorded.

• Introduction and Project Overview

Provides a summary of the project, its location, and objectives. Outlines the scope of the geotechnical investigation and its relevance to the project.

• Site Description and Geological Background

Includes a detailed description of the site’s topography, geology, and hydrology. Provides insights into the geological history and characteristics influencing the soil and rock behavior.

• Field Investigation Summary

Details the methodologies used in field testing, such as drilling, CPT, and in-situ testing. Summarizes findings like borehole logs, stratigraphy, and groundwater observations.

• Laboratory Test Results

Presents the results of laboratory tests performed on soil and rock samples. Includes key parameters like grain size distribution, Atterberg limits, shear strength, and compressibility.

• Geotechnical Analysis and Interpretations

Provides an analysis of field and laboratory data to determine soil and rock properties. Includes interpretations of bearing capacity, settlement, slope stability, and liquefaction potential.

• Recommendations and Design Parameters

Offers practical recommendations for foundation design, excavation, and soil improvement. Specifies design parameters for engineers to incorporate into project planning.

• Supporting Visuals and Appendicest

Incorporates graphs, tables, borehole logs, and cross-sectional drawings for clarity. Includes raw data and additional information in appendices for reference.